The Universal Atlas of Phonetic Evolution
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Hardening

16 documented transformations found for this phonetic process.

Depalatalization
[l_palatalized] → [l]
→
Depalatalization
[n_palatalized] → [n]
→
Asibilation
[r_palatalized] → [zh_retroflex]
→
Hardening
[s] → [d]
→
Stopping
[s] → [t]
→
Retroflexion
[s] → [t_retroflex]
→
Retraction
[sh] → [sh_retroflex]
→
Stopping
[sh] → [t]
→
Consonantalization
[u] → [x]
→
Hardening
[uvular_fricative] → [g]
→
Debuccalization
[uvular_fricative] → [glottal_stop]
→
Hardening
[uvular_fricative] → [k]
→
Voicing
[x] → [g]
→
Fortition
[y] → [g]
→
Fortition
[z] → [g]
→
Retraction
[z] → [zh_retroflex]
→