[ʔ]→[k]Certainty: 4/5Commonality: 3/5
Glottal stop to Voiceless velar plosive
The glottal stop, produced by a complete closure of the vocal cords, can undergo a phonetic transformation to a voiceless velar plosive, where the closure shifts to the back of the tongue against the soft palate. This change, often observed in specific dialectal contexts, represents a fortition, making the sound more prominent or aligning it with orthographic conventions.
Phonetic Effects
Fortition, Place Assimilation
Language Examples
duduʔ→duduk— Shift in final -k syllabic words
anaʔ→anak— Shift in final -k syllabic words
bisiʔ→bisik— Shift in final -k syllabic words
pojoʔ→pojok— Shift in final -k syllabic words
Related Transformations
More Malayo-Polynesian Shifts
Sources & References
- Huili Li, I. P. Baryadi, I. P. Wijana. (2019). SOUND PATTERN OF INDONESIAN PLOSIVES. Linguistik Indonesia.
- Septhia Irnanda, Sabrina, Zaiyana Putri, Nurul Inayah, Nyak Mutia Ismail, Marisa Yoestara. (2021). The Plosive Sound Change in Indonesian Final -k Syllabic Words: A Case Study of Indonesian Acehnese Readers. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2020). Atlantis Press.
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