[ɭ]→[ɖ]Certainty: 5/5Commonality: 3/5
Voiced retroflex lateral approximant to Voiced retroflex stop
The transformation from a voiced retroflex lateral approximant /ɭ/ to a voiced retroflex stop /ɖ/ represents a process of fortition, where the degree of stricture in the vocal tract increases. This involves the complete closure of the vocal tract, converting an approximant into a plosive at the retroflex place of articulation.
Phonetic Effects
Fortition, Stop Formation, De-approximantization
Language Examples
/ɭ/→/ɖ/— The retroflex lateral approximant of Vedic Sanskrit was replaced by the corresponding retroflex stop in Classical Sanskrit.
/ɭ/→/ɖ/— Fortition of /ɭ/ to /ɖ/ occurred as a later innovation, distinguishing northern dialects.
Related Transformations
More Indo-Aryan Shifts
Sources & References
- Vedic Sanskrit had a retroflex lateral approximant (/ɭ/) (ळ) as well as its aspirated counterpart /ɭʰ/ (ळ्ह), which were lost in Classical Sanskrit, to be replaced with the corresponding plosives /ɖ/ (ड) and /ɖʰ/ (ढ).
- Miyake, M. (2021). Studies in Pyu phonology, I: Onsets. Language and Linguistics, 22(1), 28-70.
- In vedic sanskrit, retroflex voiced dentals [ड, ढ][ɖ, ɖh] have lateral allophones [ळ, ऴ][ ɭ, ɭh].
Spotted a mistake or have a better example?
EchoDrift is community-driven. You can suggest a change directly through GitHub.
Propose an Edit on GitHub