[p]→[ʔ]Certainty: 3/5Commonality: 3/5

Lenition Glottalization Debilaization Chamic Germanic Coda Malayo-Polynesian Indo-European

Voiceless bilabial plosive to Glottal stop

The voiceless bilabial plosive /p/ can undergo a phonetic transformation to a glottal stop /ʔ/, a process often associated with weakening or debilaization, particularly in coda positions. While less frequent than the glottalization of /t/, this shift is attested in various languages and dialects.

Phonetic Effects

Debilaization, Glottalization, Lenition

Language Examples

Eastern Cham Malayo-Polynesian

*-p→ʔ— Proto-Chamic word-final *-p developed into a glottal stop, sometimes with an accompanying labial semivowel.

Haroi Malayo-Polynesian

*-p→ʔ— Proto-Chamic word-final *-p developed into a glottal stop, sometimes with an accompanying labial semivowel.

American English Indo-European

/p/→[ʔ]— Coda /p/ can undergo glottalization, sometimes resulting in a full glottal stop, though this is less frequent than for /t/.

Related Transformations

Reverse

More Germanic Shifts

[a] → [ã] — Assimilatory Nasalization [a] → [∅] — Elision [a] → [ʔ] — Glottalization [a] → [ə] — Vowel Reduction [æ] → [ɛ] — Vowel Raising

Sources & References

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