[ʌ]→[ʔ]Certainty: 3/5Commonality: 2/5

Debuccalization Glottalization Vowel Deletion Germanic

Open-mid back unrounded vowel to Glottal stop

The replacement of the vowel [ʌ] with a glottal stop [ʔ] occurs through debuccalization and vowel deletion in highly reduced or fast speech contexts. In some English dialects, particularly Cockney and related varieties, underlying [ʌ] can realize as [ʔ] in coda position, replacing the vowel entirely rather than merely adding glottal onset.

Phonetic Effects

Debuccalization, Glottalization, Vowel Deletion

Language Examples

Cockney English Germanic

but [bʌt]→[bʔ]— Glottal replacement of [ʌ] in word-final position; well-documented feature of traditional Cockney dialect.

Related Transformations

Reverse

More Germanic Shifts

[a] → [ã] — Assimilatory Nasalization [a] → [∅] — Elision [a] → [ʔ] — Glottalization [a] → [ə] — Vowel Reduction [æ] → [ɛ] — Vowel Raising

Sources & References

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