[d]→[ɣ]Certainty: 5/5Commonality: 2/5
Voiced alveolar plosive to Voiced velar fricative
The backing and lenition of the dental stop [d] into the voiced velar fricative [ɣ] is a less common transformation, typically found in specific phonetic environments or as part of larger consonant shifts.
Phonetic Effects
Backing, Lenition
Language Examples
Ancient Greek δ [d]→[ð] > stage toward [ɣ]— While [d] became the fricative [ð], further shifts in articulation can lead to backed fricatives in certain dialects.
Historical Shift Various
[d]→[ɣ]— Backing can occur in the context of backing vowel shifts or as a result of systemic lenition where the place of articulation retreats.
Related Transformations
More Backing Shifts
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