The Universal Atlas of Phonetic Evolution
Back to Matrix [ð] → [∅] Edit this Data

[∅]→[ð]Certainty: 2/5Commonality: 1/5

Empty sound / Zero to Voiced dental fricative

The shift from an empty position to the voiced dental fricative [ð] is a specialized form of epenthesis. It typically occurs to break a hiatus between vowels or as a result of the intervocalic lenition of an underlying dental stop.

Phonetic Effects

Epenthesis, Hiatus Resolution

Language Examples

la hora [a_o]→[laðora]— In some Spanish varieties, an intrusive [ð] appears between vowel-final and vowel-initial words to resolve hiatus. NOTE: the primary Spanish example 'nada→naða' is d→ð (spirantization), not ∅→ð.

Related Transformations

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