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[ɡʱ]→[ʕ]Certainty: 4/5Commonality: 3/5

Lenition Spirantization Pharyngealization Afro-Asiatic Semitic

Voiced aspirated velar plosive to Voiced pharyngeal fricative

The transformation from a voiced aspirated velar plosive (/gʱ/) to a voiced pharyngeal fricative (/ʕ/) is a complex phonetic shift that typically occurs through a series of lenition processes. This involves the loss of aspiration, spirantization from a plosive to a fricative, and a backing or debuccalization of the articulation from the velar to the pharyngeal region.

Phonetic Effects

Deaspiration, Spirantization, Backing, Pharyngealization

Language Examples

Arabic Semitic

/ɣamdan/→/ʕamdan/— A documented substitution or variation where the voiced velar fricative (/ɣ/), a common lenited form of a velar stop, shifts to a voiced pharyngeal fricative (/ʕ/).

Related Transformations

Reverse

More Semitic Shifts

[ã] → [õ] — Raising [a] → [∅] — Elision [ʕ] → [a] — Vocalization [ʕ] → [ʔ] — De-pharyngealization [b] → [v] — Spirantization

Sources & References

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