[ʔ]→[ɾ]Certainty: 4/5Commonality: 2/5

Glottal stop to Voiced alveolar flap

The relationship between the glottal stop and the alveolar flap is frequently observed in allophonic competition, particularly in English dialects where both sounds serve as lenited versions of the phoneme /t/.

Phonetic Effects

Allophonic Replacement, Lenition, Rhoticization

Language Examples

Scouse (Liverpool English) Germanic

get up [ɡɛʔ ʊp]→ger-up [ɡɛɾʊp]— Productive 'T-to-R' rule where word-final /t/ becomes a rhotic flap before a vowel, replacing the glottal stop found in other dialects.

London English Germanic

[ʔ]→[ɾ]— In some sociolects, the flap is used as a 'middle ground' between formal [t] and stigmatized glottal [ʔ].

Related Transformations

Reverse Debuccalization Flapping

More Germanic Shifts

[a] → [ã] — Assimilatory Nasalization [a] → [∅] — Elision [a] → [ʔ] — Glottalization [a] → [ə] — Vowel Reduction [æ] → [ɛ] — Vowel Raising

Sources & References

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