[m]→[p]Certainty: 5/5Commonality: 3/5

Salishan Denasalization Epenthesis Germanic

Bilabial nasal to Voiceless bilabial plosive

The shift from the bilabial nasal [m] to the voiceless bilabial stop [p] involves denasalization followed by devoicing. It is most commonly seen as an epenthetic (inserted) sound in clusters where the speaker transitions from a nasal to a voiceless consonant, or as part of a systemic nasal-to-stop shift.

Phonetic Effects

Denasalization, Devoicing, Epenthesis

Language Examples

English Germanic

æmtig (Old English) [m]→empty [mp]— Epenthesis: A voiceless stop developed between the nasal and the following voiceless consonant.

Lushootseed / Puget Sound Salish Salishan

[m]→[b] -> [p]— Systemic denasalization turned nasals into voiced stops, which later devoiced in specific environments.

Related Transformations

Reverse

More Germanic Shifts

[a] → [ã] — Assimilatory Nasalization [a] → [∅] — Elision [a] → [ʔ] — Glottalization [a] → [ə] — Vowel Reduction [æ] → [ɛ] — Vowel Raising

Sources & References

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