The Universal Atlas of Phonetic Evolution
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English

72 documented transformations found for this language.

Elision
[a] → [empty]
→
Glottalization
[a] → [glottal_stop]
→
Rounding
[a] → [ou]
→
Vowel Reduction
[a] → [schwa]
→
Vowel Reduction
[ai] → [schwa]
→
Raising
[ash] → [e_nas]
→
Glottalization
[ash] → [glottal_stop]
→
Vowel Reduction
[ash] → [schwa]
→
Fronting
[au] → [ai]
→
Centralization
[au] → [schwa]
→
Lenition
[b] → [empty]
→
Vowel Reduction
[caret] → [schwa]
→
Debuccalization
[ch] → [glottal_stop]
→
Lenition
[d_aspirated] → [zh]
→
Affrication
[d] → [ch]
→
Lowering
[e] → [eps]
→
Glottalization
[e] → [glottal_stop]
→
Vocalization
[e] → [j_glide]
→
Reduction
[e] → [schwa]
→
Monophthongization
[ei] → [e]
→
Centralization
[ei] → [schwa]
→
Epenthesis
[empty] → [b]
→
Excrescence
[empty] → [ch]
→
Excrescence
[empty] → [d]
→
Excrescence
[empty] → [k]
→
Excrescence
[empty] → [p]
→
Excrescence
[empty] → [t]
→
Prothesis
[empty] → [w]
→
Diphthongization
[eps] → [ai]
→
Vowel Reduction
[eps] → [schwa]
→
Fricative Shifting
[f] → [s]
→
Voicing
[f] → [v]
→
Deletion
[g] → [empty]
→
Lenition
[h] → [schwa]
→
Labialization
[h] → [w]
→
Elision
[i] → [empty]
→
Glottalization
[i] → [glottal_stop]
→
Glide Formation
[i] → [j_glide]
→
Reduction
[i] → [schwa]
→
Fortition
[j_glide] → [j_affricate]
→
Centralization
[j_glide] → [schwa]
→
Elision
[k] → [empty]
→
Lenition
[k] → [h]
→
Palatalization
[k] → [j_affricate]
→
Aspiration
[k] → [k_aspirated]
→
Elision
[l] → [empty]
→
Denasalization
[m] → [p]
→
Affrication
[m] → [ts]
→
Vowel Reduction
[o] → [schwa]
→
Centralization
[oi] → [schwa]
→
Centralization
[ou] → [schwa]
→
Aspiration
[p] → [p_aspirated]
→
Palatalization
[s_palatalized] → [sh]
→
Palatalization
[s] → [sh]
→
Voicing
[s] → [z]
→
Syncope
[schwa] → [empty]
→
Elision
[t] → [empty]
→
Palatalization
[t] → [j_affricate]
→
Regressive Place Assimilation
[t] → [p]
→
Aspiration
[t] → [t_aspirated]
→
Manner Assimilation
[th_vced] → [n]
→
Devoicing
[th_vced] → [th_vless]
→
Rhotacism
[th_vless] → [r_flap]
→
Great Vowel Shift
[u] → [au]
→
Glottalization
[u] → [glottal_stop]
→
Rhoticization
[u] → [r]
→
Vowel Reduction
[u] → [schwa]
→
Monophthongization
[ui] → [u]
→
Elision
[v] → [empty]
→
Lenition
[v] → [w]
→
Palatalization
[z] → [zh]
→
Devoicing
[zh] → [sh]
→