[q]→[ɣ]Certainty: 5/5Commonality: 3/5

Spirantization Voicing Uvular Velar Iranian Afro-Asiatic

Voiceless uvular plosive to Voiced velar fricative

The transformation from a voiceless uvular plosive [q] to a voiced velar fricative [ɣ] involves both spirantization and voicing. This shift is common in various dialects where uvular stops are weakened and voiced in intervocalic or final positions.

Phonetic Effects

Spirantization, Voicing

Language Examples

Persian Dialects Iranian

q→ɣ— In many modern Persian dialects, the classical uvular stop [q] has merged with the voiced velar fricative [ɣ].

Rural Arabic Variants Afro-Asiatic

q→ɣ— Certain rural dialects of Arabic exhibit the spirantization of the qaf [q] to a voiced fricative [ɣ].

Related Transformations

Reverse fronting fortition

More Spirantization Shifts

[b] → [v] — Spirantization [d] → [ð] — Spirantization [ɡʱ] → [ʒ] — Palatalization [g] → [ɟ] — Palatalization [g] → [ɣ] — Spirantization

Sources & References

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