[ɾ]→[t]Certainty: 4/5Commonality: 2/5

Voiced alveolar flap to Voiceless alveolar plosive

The transformation from an alveolar flap to a voiceless alveolar stop is a process of fortition and devoicing, typically occurring in syllable onsets or as part of a formal speech register in languages that use flapping as a lenition process.

Phonetic Effects

Fortition, Devoicing, Stopping

Language Examples

North American English Germanic

ɾ [casual butter]→t [formal butter]— While a register shift rather than a diachronic sound law, it represents the fortition of the flap back to its underlying voiceless stop.

Related Transformations

Flapping Voicing

More Germanic Shifts

[a] → [ã] — Assimilatory Nasalization [a] → [∅] — Elision [a] → [ʔ] — Glottalization [a] → [ə] — Vowel Reduction [æ] → [ɛ] — Vowel Raising

Sources & References

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