[v]→[p]Certainty: 4/5Commonality: 1/5

Fortition Devoicing Nakh-Dagestani Germanic

Voiced labiodental fricative to Voiceless bilabial plosive

The transformation of the voiced labiodental fricative [v] into the voiceless bilabial stop [p] is a form of fortition (strengthening) and devoicing, documented in specific language developments where vowels or approximants harden into full stops.

Phonetic Effects

Fortition, Devoicing, Consonantalization

Language Examples

Bats (Tsova-Tush) Nakh-Dagestani

[v/w]→[p]— Documented historical path where rounded vowels shifted to labial approximants and then fortified into bilabial stops.

English (Assimilation) Germanic

have to [hæv tu]→[hæf tu]— Common devoicing of the labiodental fricative before a voiceless stop, representing a partial shift toward the voiceless labial space.

Related Transformations

Reverse Voiced stopping Standard devoicing

More Germanic Shifts

[a] → [ã] — Assimilatory Nasalization [a] → [∅] — Elision [a] → [ʔ] — Glottalization [a] → [ə] — Vowel Reduction [æ] → [ɛ] — Vowel Raising

Sources & References

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