[z]→[c]Certainty: 4/5Commonality: 3/5

Barito Devoicing Fortition Palatalization Austronesian

Voiced alveolar fricative to Voiceless palatal plosive

The transformation from a voiced alveolar fricative /z/ to a voiceless palatal plosive /c/ is a complex sound change involving multiple phonetic shifts. This change entails the loss of voicing, a shift in the place of articulation from alveolar to palatal, and a change in the manner of articulation from a fricative to a plosive, representing a fortition process.

Phonetic Effects

Devoicing, Fortition, Palatalization

Language Examples

Tunjung Barito

*z→c— Proto-Barito *z devoiced and palatalized to /c/ in Tunjung.

More Palatalization Shifts

[b] → [bʲ] — Palatalization [b] → [p] — Voice Loss [dʲ] → [dʒ] — Affrication [d] → [dʲ] — Palatalization [d] → [dʒ] — Palatalization

Sources & References

Smith, A. D. (2017). The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa).

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