[ʌ]→[r]Certainty: 3/5Commonality: 2/5
Open-mid back unrounded vowel to Alveolar trill
The development of [r] from [ʌ] is typically indirect, occurring through vowel reduction and epenthesis rather than direct replacement. When [ʌ] reduces to schwa [ə] at word boundaries or before another vowel, an intrusive [r] may be inserted (intrusive or linking R) to prevent hiatus in certain English dialects.
Phonetic Effects
Epenthesis, Intrusive R, Vowel Reduction
Language Examples
[ʌ] + vowel→[ə ɹ] + vowel— Intrusive R appears when the STRUT vowel reduces and an epenthetic [r] is inserted before a following vowel to break hiatus.
Related Transformations
More Germanic Shifts
Sources & References
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