[r]→[ʌ]Certainty: 5/5Commonality: 3/5

Alveolar trill to Open-mid back unrounded vowel

The shift from the rhotic consonant [r] to the open-mid back unrounded vowel [ʌ] is a form of vocalization often found in African American Vernacular English (AAVE) and Southern US English. In these varieties, the unstressed syllabic /r/ (the 'er' sound) is produced with a more open and backed quality than the standard neutral schwa.

Phonetic Effects

Vocalization, Backing, Opening

Language Examples

African American Vernacular English (AAVE) Germanic

sister [əɹ]→[ˈsɪstʌ]— Vocalization of terminal /r/ into a stressed-quality [ʌ] or [ɐ] vowel.

other→[ˈʌðʌ]

Related Transformations

Reverse

More Germanic Shifts

[a] → [ã] — Assimilatory Nasalization [a] → [∅] — Elision [a] → [ʔ] — Glottalization [a] → [ə] — Vowel Reduction [ʕ] → [a] — Vocalization

Sources & References

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