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[dʱ]→[f]Certainty: 5/5Commonality: 3/5

Italic Lenition Devoicing Fricativization Aspiration Loss Proto-Italic Indo-European

Voiced aspirated alveolar plosive to Voiceless labiodental fricative

This fascinating phonetic transformation illustrates a significant sound change in the history of the Italic languages, including Latin. It describes how the Proto-Indo-European voiced aspirated alveolar plosive, represented as `*dʰ`, evolved into the voiceless labiodental fricative `f` in word-initial positions within Proto-Italic. This shift is a hallmark feature distinguishing the Italic branch from other Indo-European language families.

Phonetic Effects

Devoicing, Fricativization, Place Shift, Aspiration Loss

Language Examples

Latin Italic

*dʰeh₁-yos→fīlius— Meaning 'son'. This is a direct descendant from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-yos to Latin fīlius.

*dʰeh₁-→faciō— Meaning 'to make, do'. Derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-.

Related Transformations

Reverse

More Lenition Shifts

[a] → [∅] — Elision [b] → [p] — Voice Loss [b] → [v] — Spirantization [tɕ] → [ʃ] — De-affrication [tɕ] → [ɕ] — Lenition

Sources & References

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