[pʰ]→[ŋ]Certainty: 4/5Commonality: 2/5
Voiceless aspirated bilabial plosive to Velar nasal
The transformation of a voiceless aspirated bilabial plosive (pʰ) into a velar nasal (ŋ) is a complex and relatively rare sound change, typically occurring through a series of intermediate steps. This shift involves significant alterations in both the manner and place of articulation, as well as the loss of aspiration and the acquisition of nasality.
Phonetic Effects
Lenition, Debuccalization, Nasalization, Velarization
Language Examples
p→ŋ— In Nyole, a historical development from Proto-Bantu *p to a velar nasal (ŋ) has been documented. This shift is understood to have occurred through a series of intermediate stages, including lenition to a fricative, debuccalization to a glottal fricative (h), and subsequent nasalization and velarization of the glottal fricative.
Related Transformations
More Nasalization Shifts
Sources & References
- Schoenbrun, D. L. (1994). The velar nasal in Nyole (E.35). In R. K. Herbert (Ed.), Language and Society in Africa: The Theory and Practice of Sociolinguistics (pp. 171-184). Witwatersrand University Press.
- Ohala, J. J. (1975). Phonetic explanations for nasal sound changes. In C. A. Ferguson, L. M. Hyman, & J. J. Ohala (Eds.), Nasálfest: Papers from a symposium on nasals and nasalization (pp. 289-310). Language Universals Project, Stanford University.
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