[u]→[ʌ]Certainty: 5/5Commonality: 5/5
Close back rounded vowel to Open-mid back unrounded vowel
The unrounding and lowering of the short back vowel [ʊ] (originally [u]) to the open-mid back unrounded vowel [ʌ] is known as the FOOT-STRUT split, a defining feature of modern English phonology.
Phonetic Effects
Unrounding, Lowering, Vowel Shift
Language Examples
cut [kʊt]→[kʌt]— Historical unrounding and lowering of the short 'u' in most standard varieties.
strut [strʊt]→[strʌt]— Part of the systematic shift that split the original short 'u' phoneme.
blood [bluːd]→[blʌd]— Shortening followed by the FOOT-STRUT shift.
Related Transformations
More Vowel Shift Shifts
Sources & References
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