The Universal Atlas of Phonetic Evolution
Back to Matrix [g] → [ʁ] Edit this Data

[ʁ]→[g]Certainty: 4/5Commonality: 2/5

Voiced uvular fricative to Voiced velar plosive

The hardening and fronting of the voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] into the voiced velar stop [g] is a documented process in several language families, often occurring as part of systemic shifts in the posterior consonant space.

Phonetic Effects

Hardening, Fronting, Fortition

Language Examples

Historical [ʁ] (from *h3)→[g]— Proposed fronting of uvular fricatives to velar stops/fricatives in branches like Lycian (Kloekhorst, 2018).

Related Transformations

More Indo-European Shifts

Sources & References

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